LDAP support in Apache Camel

Apache Camel allows you to add LDAP queries to your Camel routes via the camel-ldap and camel-spring-ldap components. The camel-ldap component allows you to perform an LDAP query using a filter as the message payload. The spring-ldap component is a wrapper for Spring LDAP, and is a bit more advanced than the camel-ldap component, in that it also supports the "bind" and "unbind" operations, in addition to "search".

I've created two test-cases that show how to use each of these components. Both test-cases use the Camel file component to read in files that contain LDAP queries. These queries are then dispatched to an Apache DS server that is configured via annotations in the test code, using an LDIF file containing some test data. The results are then processed and written out in the target directory. The test-cases are available here. 

Apache Santuario - XML Security for Java 2.0.3 and 1.5.8 released

Versions 2.0.3 and 1.5.8 of Apache Santuario - XML Security for Java have been released. Version 2.0.3 contains a critical security advisory (CVE-2014-8152) in relation to the new streaming XML Signature support introduced in version 2.0.0:

For certain XML documents, it is possible to modify the document and the streaming XML Signature verification code will not report an error when trying to validate the signature.

Please note that the "in-memory" (DOM) API for XML Signature is not affected by this issue, nor is the JSR-105 API. Also, web service stacks that use the streaming functionality of Apache Santuario (such as Apache CXF/WSS4J) are also not affected by this vulnerability.

Apart from this issue, version 2.0.3 contains a significant performance improvement, and both releases contain minor bug fixes and dependency upgrades.

XML Advanced Electronic Signature (XAdES) support in Apache Camel

I have previously covered some XML Signature and Encryption testcases in Apache Camel. Camel 2.15 will feature some new limited support for XML Advanced Electronic Signatures (XAdES) in the XML Security component. This post will briefly cover what XML Advanced Electronic Signatures are, and show how they can be produced in Camel. No support exists yet for validating XAdES Signatures in Camel. Note that as Camel 2.15 is not yet released, some of the details are subject to change.

XML Signature has a number of shortcomings in terms of conveying meta-data describing the signing process to the recipient. It does not include the signing certificate/key in the signature itself. It does not tell the recipient when or where the signature was created, which role the signer had at the time of signing, what format the signed data is in, what the signature policy was, etc. XAdES attempts to solve these problems by introducing standard properties that are inserted into the "Object" part of an XML Signature. Some of these properties are then included in the message signature.

Camel 2.15 will support XAdES in the XML Security component by a new "properties" configuration option, which must reference a XAdESSignatureProperties implementation. I added a new test to the camel-xmlsecurity project in github that illustrates how to do this. The spring configuration for the test is here. The xmlsecurity route links to a DefaultXAdESSignatureProperties implementation, which is configured with the signing key (and alias), an "Implied" Signature policy, and a role of "employee". The resulting ds:Object in the XML Signature looks like:

<ds:Object>
  <etsi:QualifyingProperties xmlns:etsi="..." Target="#...">
    <etsi:SignedProperties Id="_1c03790b-8e46-4837-85bc-d6562e4c713c"> 
      <etsi:SignedSignatureProperties>
        <etsi:SigningTime>2015-01-14T11:19:49Z</etsi:SigningTime>
        <etsi:SigningCertificate>
          <etsi:Cert>
            <etsi:CertDigest>
              <ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="...#sha256"/>
              <ds:DigestValue>KsquBA...=</ds:DigestValue>
            </etsi:CertDigest>
            <etsi:IssuerSerial>
              <ds:X509IssuerName>...,C=US</ds:X509IssuerName>
              <ds:X509SerialNumber>1063337...</ds:X509SerialNumber>
            </etsi:IssuerSerial>
          </etsi:Cert>
        </etsi:SigningCertificate>
        <etsi:SignaturePolicyIdentifier>
          <etsi:SignaturePolicyImplied/>
        </etsi:SignaturePolicyIdentifier>
        <etsi:SignerRole>
          <etsi:ClaimedRoles>
            <etsi:ClaimedRole>employee</etsi:ClaimedRole>
          </etsi:ClaimedRoles>
        </etsi:SignerRole>
      </etsi:SignedSignatureProperties>
    </etsi:SignedProperties>
  </etsi:QualifyingProperties>
</ds:Object>

Signing and encrypting Apache Camel routes

A recent blog post looked at using the XML Security component and dataformat in Apache Camel to sign and encrypt XML documents. However, what if you wish to secure non-XML data? An alternative is to use the Apache Camel Crypto component and dataformat. The Crypto component provides the ability to sign (and verify) messages (using the JCE). Similarly, the Crypto dataformat allows you to encrypt (and decrypt) messages (again using the JCE). Another alternative is to use the PGPDataFormat, which allows you to use PGP to sign/encrypt Camel messages.

I have created a github project called "camel-crypto" with some samples about how to use these features. It contains the following tests:

• CryptoEncryptionTest: Use the Crypto dataformat to encrypt/decrypt messages
• CryptoSignatureTest: Use the Crypto component to sign/verify messages
• PGPEncryptionTest: Use the PGPDataFormat to encrypt/decrypt messages
• PGPSignatureEncryptionTest: Use the PGPDataFormat to sign + encrypt messages

The tests follow a similar pattern, where they take some (XML) data, sign/encrypt it, and copy it to a particular directory. Another route then takes the secured data, and verifies/decrypts it, and copies it to another directory. The tests also show how to use the Camel Jasypt component to avoid hard-coding plaintext passwords in the spring configuration files. The tests rely on a SNAPSHOT version of Camel (2.15-SNAPSHOT) at the time of writing this post, due to some fixes that were required (particularly in terms of adding new (Spring) configuration options to the PGPDataFormat).

New SSL/TLS vulnerabilities in Apache CXF

Apache CXF 3.0.3 and 2.7.14 have been released. Both of these releases contain fixes for two new SSL/TLS security advisories:

• Note on CVE-2014-3566: This is not an advisory per se, but rather a note on an advisory. CVE-2014-3566 (aka "POODLE") is a well publicised attack which forces a TLS connection to downgrade to use SSL 3.0, which in turn is vulnerable to a padding oracle attack. Apache CXF 3.0.3 and 2.7.14 disable SSL 3.0 support by default for both clients, as well as servers configured using CXF's special support for Jetty. In addition, it is now possible to explicitly exclude protocols, see here for more information.
• CVE-2014-3577: Apache CXF is vulnerable to a possible SSL hostname verification bypass, due to a flaw in comparing the server hostname to the domain name in the Subject's DN field. A Man In The Middle attack can exploit this vulnerability by using a specially crafted Subject DN to spoof a valid certificate.

If you are using TLS with Apache CXF then please upgrade to the latest releases.

XML Security using Apache Camel

I have previously covered how to use Apache Santuario to sign and encrypt XML, using both the DOM and StAX based APIs available in the 2.0.x releases. An alternative to using Apache Santuario directly to sign/encrypt XML, is to use the XML Security component or data format of Apache Camel. There are two obvious reasons to use Camel that immediately spring to mind. Firstly it allows you to configure XML Signature/Encryption without writing any code (e.g. by configuring the components in Spring). Secondly it allows you to take advantage of the power and flexibility of Apache Camel to integrate with a wide variety of components.

I have created a github project with two (almost identical) tests to show how to use XML Signature and Encryption in Apache Camel:

• camel-xmlsecurity: Some test-cases for the camel-xmlsecurity component.

Both tests start routes which read in XML documents stored in src/test/resources/data using the Camel File component. The part of the documents which contain credit card information is then signed/encrypted, and the resulting file placed in the target/(encrypted/signed)-data folder. A second route reads files in from this folder, decrypts/verifies the file and then places it in the target/(decrypted/verified)-data folder.

The encryption configuration file is available here, and the signature configuration file is here. One difference you may notice is that encryption is configured using a "marshal/unmarshal" tag and then "secureXML", whereas for signature you can use a standard Camel "To" statement, e.g. "
<to uri="xmlsecurity:sign://enveloped?keyAccessor...". This is due to the fact that XML Encryption is implemented in Camel as a data format, whereas XML Signature is implemented as a component.

Both tests also use the Camel Jasypt component to avoid hard-coding plaintext passwords in the spring configuration files. The keystore and private key passwords and stored encrypted in a special passwords file. The master secret used to decrypt the passwords is retrieved via a system property (set in the pom.xml as part of the tests).

The testcase relies on a SNAPSHOT version of Apache Camel for now (2.15-SNAPSHOT) due to a number of fixes I added. Firstly, the DefaultKeySelector used to retrieve keys for signature did not previously support taking a Camel
keyStoreParameters Object. Secondly, the DefaultKeySelector did not support working with the Camel Jasypt component to encrypt the keystore password.  Thirdly, it wasn't possible to load a Public Key from a PrivateKeyEntry in a Keystore for XML Signature. Fourthly, the XML Encryption data format did not support embedding the KeyValue of the Public Key used to encrypt the session key in the EncryptedKey structure.

Apache Syncope 1.2 tutorial - part IV

This is the fourth and final post in a series of articles on Apache Syncope 1.2. The previous tutorial looked at some new features relating to the Schema in Apache Syncope 1.2. This post will look at the REST API of Syncope and how it can be queried. We will also look at the new JAAS LoginModule for Apache Syncope that has been developed in Apache Karaf.

1) REST API of Apache Syncope

Apache Syncope features a rich REST API powered by Apache CXF. It is available via the URI "/syncope/rest/". Note that Apache Syncope 1.1 featured two REST APIs, one powered by Spring and another by Apache CXF, which was a refactoring of the former based on RESTful best practices. The Spring based API has been dropped in Apache Syncope 1.2, and only the CXF based API is now available via the "/syncope/rest" URI. Here are some example REST GET URIs for the "User" service in Syncope 1.2, that you can try out in a browser:

• syncope/rest/users.json - get a list of all users in JSON format
• syncope/rest/users - get a list of all users in an XML format
• syncope/rest/users/self - get the authenticated user

Apache Syncope 1.2 uses the WADL generation capabilities of Apache CXF to expose the REST API as a WADL document. This can be accessed by adding "?_wadl" to the URI, for example "syncope/rest/?_wadl":

This document can be converted to HTML, and is available via the URI "/syncope/rest/doc/". Another new feature of the REST API in Apache Syncope 1.2 is support for FIQL. This allows you to easily search for users or roles matching a certain expression. For example:

• syncope/rest/users/search?_s=lastLoginDate=ge=2014-11-13 - Search for the users who have logged in since 20014/11/13.
• syncope/rest/users/search?_s=surname==smith - Search for the users with surname 'smith'.

2) JAAS LoginModule for Syncope

In a previous blog post written about the REST API of Apache Syncope, I gave detailed of a github project with some CXF based testcases. The tests showed how a CXF service could use Apache Syncope to authenticate a WS-Security UsernameToken presented by a client (as well as HTTP/BA). In addition, some other tests asked Syncope for the roles associated with the user, and enforced access to the service depending on the result. This github project has now moved to a new location here, and the tests have been updated to use the correct URLs for Apache Syncope 1.2.

In addition, a new test is added that shows how to use the new JAAS LoginModule for Syncope for authentication and authorization. The SyncopeLoginModule was developed for use in Apache Karaf, but can be used in others containers as well. In the testcase, the CXF JAASAuthenticationFeature is set on the service bus, which selects the "karaf" JAAS realm by default. The JAAS configuration file for the test is simply:

karaf {
    org.apache.karaf.jaas.modules.syncope.SyncopeLoginModule required
    debug="true"
    address="http://localhost:8080/syncope/rest";
};

See Jean-Baptiste Onofré's blog for a further description of how to set up and test the SyncopeLoginModule.